Agriculture is the process of cultivating crops and livestock. Food is essential to keep us alive and fulfil energy needs. Agriculture plays an important role in producing food. The agriculture sector plays a crucial role in a country’s economy. It provides food and raw materials and employment to farmers, traders, transporters, and local vendors.
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Factors affecting agriculture:
- Geology and Type of Soil
- Climate
- Pesticides and Fertilisers
- Water irrigation
Geology and Type of Soil
Soil is the most important material in agriculture on which the crops grow. It consists of sand, clay, inorganic materials, organic matter, microorganisms, water and minerals, depending on the region’s geology. There are physical and mineral properties that differentiate one soil from another. Physical properties include texture, colour, depth and structure. Mineral properties include the amount of magnesium, and potassium present in the soil, porosity, water content and its consistency and stone content.
Season and Climate
Climate is the most important factor that influences the growth of crops. Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change. It is the process governed by the crop seasons, and different crops are sown and grown according to the existing and coming seasons. Temperature and precipitation are important factors for the best agricultural growth. Unsuitable environmental conditions hamper the agricultural processes.
Water Irrigation Systems
Good agricultural yield depends on good water irrigation systems. The government plays a pivotal role in ensuring good water irrigation systems for the farmers and agriculturalists. Rainfall is one important factor for good growth. Farmers use techniques like rainwater harvesting systems to store water for the times when there might be an inadequacy of water. During such days, farmers and labour can use the stored water for irrigation purposes.
Pesticides and fertilisers
Pesticides are the chemicals used to improve the growth of plants and crops and protect them from harmful microorganisms and pests that possess a threat to the plants. Fertilisers help enhance the quality of soil and, in turn, the growth of crops as they contain useful soil contents, minerals and chemicals. Moreover, farmers use organic methods to improve soil quality and crop growth.
New farming techniques
- Hydroponics
- Aeroponics
- Aquaponics
Hydroponics
in this, the plants are grown without soil in a nutrient-rich aqueous solution.
Aeroponics
It is the practice of growing crops in the air or mist environment without any substrate.
Aquaponics
In this practice of agriculture, plants are grown in cooperation with fish. Aquaculture provides a rich environment of nutrients to hydroponically-grown plants.
These techniques of growing plants have a huge scope of production in space stations to settle the food requirements of the astronauts. These fields have wide research scope in coming times.
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