The braking system primarily ensures vehicle safety. Pressing down on the brake pedal with around 70 pounds of force—roughly the same as biting into a steak—is the standard procedure for bringing thousands of pounds of metal and plastic to a controlled stop.
Passengers and pedestrians alike depend on an impeccably functioning braking system. Here, you will learn about how the car brake system works as well as common problems and their solutions.
How does the brake system work?
Mechanical energy (from the wheels spinning) is transformed into thermal energy via hydraulic braking systems, which convert and increase the force supplied to the brake pedal. The brake pedal may be seen as a lever. This augments the brake booster and master cylinder’s braking fluid.
The master cylinder does double duty: presses the brake fluid and distributes it to the brake calipers and wheel cylinders via the brake hoses and cables. When the disc brake pads are compressed inward, the pressurized fluid moves the caliper piston, which presses the pads against the braking rotors.
In a process reminiscent to bicycle coasters, the brake shoes are wedged against the drum by pushing the wheel cylinders outward, creating a drum brake. Heat and friction are generated as the brake shoes push against the drums, and the pads hold the rotors.
When the tire and road surface create heat friction, the spinning of the rotor and axle (and wheel) comes to a complete stop. A regenerative braking system allows a hybrid vehicle’s electric drive motor to go into reverse when the accelerator or brake pedal is depressed.
Hybrids get power from an electric motor that runs in reverse, slowing the vehicle by creating drag on the wheels and charging their high-voltage batteries. Although the hydraulic system is engaged during high-speed emergency stops or hard stops, most of the initial stopping power is provided by regenerative braking.
How to tell when the brake system goes bad?
Seven of the most common indicators of potentially hazardous brakes are listed below.
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There is an active stop signal
When your brakes are about to require maintenance, you can easily see the warning light on your dashboard. In fact, most modern automobiles have two dashboard warning lights, and there are many possible causes for their illumination. There are two possible explanations for the presence of a brake light: the Antilock Braking System (ABS) or the brake system warning light.
When the ABS warning light goes on, take your vehicle to a local dealership or repair shop; they will have everything you need to fix your vehicle.
In addition to turning on in an emergency, the brake light is also the one that appears on the dashboard whenever you press the parking brake. If you notice that the warning light is on and the parking brake is not engaged, it is advisable to have a brake specialist have a look at your car to diagnose any issues with the ABS system.
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Squeaking, grinding, or squeaking-like noises
As you apply pressure to the brakes, you’ll hear a metallic screeching sound produced by the wear indications on your brake pads. This is generally only a warning that your brake pads need replacement, not a symptom of damage—though it is annoying nevertheless. In order to avoid damaged rotors and an expensive repair, replace your pads as soon as you hear the noises.
A grinding sound, like metal on metal, will be heard when the brake pads have worn down beyond their useful life. This means that you are beginning to damage the rotors. Get in touch with a brake expert if you notice grinding sounds; doing so will prevent further harm to your braking system.
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Feelings engrossed in your steering wheel or braking vibrations
Shaky steering wheels and sensations while braking are symptoms of warped rotors. Big silver disks called rotors sit underneath your wheel or rim. When you push down on the brake pedal, the brake pads squeeze the rotors, and the car comes to a stop.
Imperfect or misshapen rotors are to blame for the sensations you’re feeling since they wreak havoc on your brake system. You need to have your rotor resurfaced or replaced completely if this is going to fix it. While resurfacing might make the rotor seem smoother and more uniform, it’s not always the safest choice since it requires shaving off uneven portions.
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Leakage of fluids
You should probably fix your master cylinder if you find that brake fluid is leaking. All of the braking power comes from the hydraulic pressure that is created between the brake lines and the master cylinder. The master cylinder is also where the brake fluid is kept.
You could find it more difficult to stop your vehicle if fluid is dripping from it. Hire a brake expert to double-check your fluid levels and brake parts to ensure you don’t lose any of your braking expertise.
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Soft brake pedal
Your brakes need immediate attention if they are “soft” or if pressing down on them causes them to go all the way to the floor. For the safety of everyone on the road, this often means that your master cylinder isn’t functioning correctly or that water has entered your braking system. It’s important to have this fixed quickly.
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A burning smell
Your brakes or clutch may have overheated if you detect a burning aroma coming from your wheels and brakes. You run the danger of having your brakes entirely go out if you continue driving. Stop immediately if you see any smoke or odor emanating from your brakes; this will allow you to inspect them properly.
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The car pulls to one side due to braking
A problem with the brake caliper or hose causing uneven pressure on one side of the car is probably to blame if you sense a pulling action while using the brakes. Hurry it to a local service center or repair shop; a brake specialist will usually need to inspect it to find out what’s wrong.
Conclusion
Being a cautious driver and avoiding anything that might damage your brake pads can maintain them in excellent condition and prevent them from wearing out. Being a careful driver will help your brakes and other automotive components last longer. Also, remember to take care of your car by doing preventive maintenance.
